Juni 2016

Kamis, 30 Juni 2016

discussion IC ( integrated circuit) , on the history and definition of IC in terms of the science of electronics

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 21.03

history IC
IC

IC (Integrated Circuit) is an electronic device made of a semiconductor material . IC is the forerunner of a computer and all kinds of devices that use other micro-controller technology .IC found in 1958 by an engineer named Jack Kilby , who works at Texas instruments . try to solve the problem by thinking about a concept incorporating all electronic components in one block made of a semiconductor material .

Amazing.....

The discovery was later called

IC (Integrated Circuit) or the then commonly called chips. Some time after that

, Robert Noyce , who worked at Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation , found the

same thing , although they are working on two different places .

Since then a lot of research

being done to develop the IC ( integrated circuit) until today. A founder of

Intel , Gorden Moore , in 1965 estimated that the number of transistors

contained in an IC will increase 2 times every 18 months.

This can be seen in the development of IC , a 64 - Mbit DRAM was first on the market in 1994 , consists of 3 million transistors . Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor and consists of more than 42 million transistors and is approximately 281 ICs contained therein .In fact , based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor ( ITRS ) , expected to be available a chip consisting of 3 billion transistors in 2008 .

IC itself is used for a variety of devices , including televisions , mobile phones, computers , industrial machinery , as well as a variety of audio and video equipment .

IC is often classified by the number of transistors that it contains:

I. SSI (small - scale integration ) : maximum 100 chip with electronic components .

II . MSI ( medium - scale integration ) : chips with 100 to 3,000 electronic components

III . LSI (large - scale integration ) : 3,000 to 100,000 chips with electronic components .

IV . VLSI (very large - scale integration ) : chips with 100,000 to 1 million electronic components .

V. ULSI ( ultra large - scale integration ) : chips with more than 1 million electronic components .

Definition of IC

definition of IC (integrated circuit )Integrated Circuit ( IC ) is an electronic circuit that is packed into a small package . Several large circuit can be integrated into one and packed in a small package . A small IC which can contain hundreds or even thousands of components.

IC shape can vary , there is a 3-legged for example LM7805 , there is nothing like a transistor with a foot lot for example LM741

.There is also a form of IC resembles a comb ( single in-line ) , the other is a rectangular shape with the legs are on all four sides , but most IC -shaped dual in line ( DIL ) .

IC that is round and dual in line , legs be numbered in the order in clockwise direction , legs ONE number given or the notch marked point . Each IC is marked with the type number , this number usually indicates the type of IC , so if the number is the same then the same IC function. Another code indicates the manufacturer , for example, operational amplifier type may appear with a 741 uA - 741 , LM - 741 , MC - 741 , RM - 741 SN72-741 and so on.

A group called IC linear IC , such as IC regulator , Operational amplfier , audio amplifier , and so on . Meanwhile, another group called IC digital IC eg, NAND , NOR , OR , AND EXOR , BCD to seven segment decoder and so forth .

Numbering TTL done with 2 , 3 or 4 digit number followed its prefix , eg 7400 , 74 192 and so on. The letter , which is between the prefix and suffix indicating its subfamily . Eg AS ( Advance Schottkey ) , ALS (Advanced Low Power Schottkey ) , H (High Speed) , L (Low Speed) , LS (Low Power Schottkey ) and S ( Schottkey ) .

When compared to the circuit using the transistor circuit uses IC , IC tend to use more practical and ore costs are relatively mild .

electronic , IC

how to test a diode by using a measuring instrument avometer , most accurate

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 19.52

how to test a diode by using a measuring instrument Avometer , most accurate

have you ever heard of object called a diode ? if you're a technician , surely you 've heard even tried to fix it. a tool that can convert AC current into DC current is . however , if you can measure object called diodes ? Can it? if you feel you can not, let's discuss together

DIODE TESTING BY OHM METER

how to test a diode by using a measuring instrument avometer

It required an ohmmeter multitester or an analog / digital . Multitester or Avometer Analog has facilities measuring barrier ( ohmmeter ) where the type normally used ohm meter. ohmmeter - series , which is the construction of the polarity of the batteries installed in the meter opposite in polarity to the measuring terminal .

to test a diode by using Avometer , the principle is as follows :

You must position Avometer position ohms with a low scale .
Decide in advance the electrodes , the anode and cathode of the diode
Connect the terminal + ( positive ) meter with the anode of the diode to be tested , while the terminal - ( negative ) meter with the cathode of the diode. ( This relationship is the reverse )
In this position , if the diode is good, then the meter needle will not move . However , if it moves the needle in this position , it can be said shorted diode ( short-circuit ) .
Repeat step 2 above with the opposite polarity . where the anode is connected to the negative meter , and with the positive cathode meters. ( This relationship is forward) .
In this position , if the diode is good , then the meter needle will move . But if in this position the needle meter does not move , it can be said diode broke ( broken ) .

do these measurements on a diode which is considered damaged

diode , electronic

Types of Capacitors fixed and variable is the main

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 01.57

Types of capacitors in electronic circuits is divided into two kinds , namely capacitors polar and non- polar capacitor . In the mean polar capacitor is a type of capacitor that is bi-polar and has a positive polarity / negative .

This capacitor is made of electrolyte material which has a large capacitance value compared with capacitors using a dielectric material .

While in the mean non-polar capacitor is a type of capacitor does not have a positive and negative polarity at both poles. These capacitors can also be used in turn . These capacitors usually have a small capacitance value because it is made of ceramic material and mica .

Although both types of capacitors are widely used to store electrical charges , but there are still many differences of the two types , among which is the material used and also function in everyday usefulness .

Type capacitors we can also differentiate into several parts , which is a type of ceramic capacitors , electrolytic capacitors ( elco ) , tantalum capacitors , multilayer capacitors , polyester film capacitors , elekctric double , super capacitors , trimer and tuning capacitor .

The nature of the capacitor is storing electric charge and can not flow through the DC ( Direct Current ) but passable AC ( Alternating Current ) and can also serve as an impedance ( resistance whose value depends on the frequency ) .

Based on the capacitance value , the capacitor is divided into two parts , namely fixed capacitors and variable capacitors .

For those types of multilayer capacitors is a capacitor made of the material . This capacitor is similar to ceramic capacitors , the difference is only in the number of layers that make up the dielectric .

Dielectric material arranged with many layers with a thickness of 10 to 20 μm and a plate electrode is made of pure metal . In addition , the shape of this type of capacitor is also small and has good temperature characteristics in comparison with other capacitors .

Capacitors functions in electronic circuits is a connector on each piece in the series , separating the alternating current from direct current , as the filter on the power supply circuit , a frequency generator at the transmitter electronic circuit and also saves power at the circuit fluorescent lamp

Electrolytic Capacitor

Electrolytic capacitors or also called Elcho included in the fixed value capacitors . This type of capacitor has an insulating material made of electrolyte and tubular . Electrolyte capacitors which have polarity direction of the Positive and Negative use of aluminum for packaging as well as Negative terminal .

Capacitor Paper

Capacitor paper , is a capacitor including the capacitor type calculation remains (Non Variable) , and has a paper insulation material , and generally ranges between paper capacitor values up to 300μF 4μF

Tantanum Capacitor

Tantanum capacitors , are capacitors that use metal materials tantanum as Anode terminal itself ( + ) . Tantanum capacitor has a positive and negative polarity direction ( + and - ), such as electrolytic capacitors . The insulation material was made of electrolyte material

Capacitors

Types of Capacitors fixed and variable is the main

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 01.57

Based on the capacitance value , the capacitor is divided into two parts , namely fixed capacitors and variable capacitors .

Capacitors

the types of transistors in electronic circuits

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 01.25

Types of transistors there are several kinds and for those who are involved in the world of electronics may be familiar when they hear the word transistor . But for those non - electro might be unfamiliar with the transistor .Transistor in a very simple sense is like a water faucet . This transistor is a semiconductor device that can be used as an amplifier , as well as connecting the circuit breakers , voltage stabilizing and so forth

see also :

understanding and transistor function . as one of the important electronic component

Type transistor is generally divided into two types of course only the type of bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors or also known as Field Effect Transistor ( FET ) .Each of the transistor type is further divided into smaller parts as will be explained in the next paragraph .

The first transistor is a bipolar transistor . Bipolar transistors include one of the types of transistors are most widely used in an electronic circuit .While understanding of the bipolar transistor itself is a transistor that has two poles junction . While these types of bipolar transistors are divided again , into three layers of semiconductor material , which then differentiate bipolar transistor into two types , namely transistor P - N- P ( Positive - Negative - Positive ) , and the transistor N- P - N ( Negative - Positive - Negative ) . Each leg of this type of transistor has a name , such as B which means the base , which means the collector K and E which means the emitter . As for the bipolar transistor function is as a regulator of electric current .

Transistor second most widely used of the various types of transistors that there is a field effect transistor ( FET ) . Transistor is the same type as the bipolar transistor has three legs . Three feet of terminal owned by a field effect transistor is the drain ( D ) , source ( S ) and gate ( G ) . The field-effect transistor , or also known as unipolar transistor term has only one pole pieces only. Meanwhile , the workings of this field effect transistor is to regulate and control the flow of electrons from source to drain through the voltage applied to the Gate .

This is what distinguishes between the function of field effect transistors with the bipolar transistor functions described above.From this discussion it can be concluded that the bipolar transistor with field effect transistor having a significant difference in the workings and functions. Bipolar transistor as an electric current regulator adjust the size of the electric current through the emitter which then continues to the base to determine how much current is applied to it.

While the field-effect transistors control electrons from source to drain through the voltage applied to the Gate . So is there any easiest way to find and determine the types of transistors ? Termudahnya way is to use a tool ohmmeter if you want to specify a type of transistor . Simply place the negative leg of the ohmmeter to the cathode and anode to a positive foot .

electronic , Transistor

Rabu, 29 Juni 2016

Transistor , how to work and how to measure it , let's talk together

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 16.10

at this time , I will try to share about an electronic component called a transistor . either way of working, and also how to measure it . therefore , read well and share this article a friend ... khi khi khi

as previously described , the transistor is a combination of two words , namely transfer and resistor that can be interpreted freely as amperes or regulate the flow of current flow. The triode is a term that means three electrodes , and in the resistor itself does have three electrodes , the base, emitter, and collectors . Transistors can be an electric current or voltage amplifiers also due to have a third electrode.

Transistor , how to work and how to measure it , let's talk together

Another function of a transistor is a switch circuit breaker and power connector on the base or bases when given very large currents . to the workings of the transistor itself depending on what type of transistor used .There are basically two kinds or types of transistors. There BJT transistor or a bipolar junction transistor or also known as bipolar transistors and FET transistors or field effect transistor or also known as the transistor effect. Here's how the BJT transistor .

BJT Transistor : As the name implies bipolar transistor ( BJT ) using two polarities carry a payload to carry electrical current to the output channels .In the bipolar transistor ( BJT ) there is also a boundary layer called the depletion zone , which at the end of each electric current that will fit will pass through the barrier and was divided because of the depletion zone this.

Effect transistor ( FET ) Slightly different from the workings of the bipolar transistor .

Reviewed effect transistor ( FET ) , only use one type polarity or charge carriers of electric current . It is clear , in contrast to the bipolar transistor has two polarity charge carriers.To effect transistor ( FET ) , the current entry will not be divided into two streams such as the bipolar transistor . Due to the position where the depletion zone of the resistor effect contained in the second , the side not in the middle .

Actually, for the type or types of BJT and FET transistor itself same function, the difference is on how the transistors only. I hope this discussion can provide benefits to the reader .

how to measure transistor with ease

How to Measure Transistor is quite rare , and is not known by many people . But knowing how to measure a transistor is important to do regularly. It can be used as an indication of whether the transistor is still in good standing and eligible to be used or not . In measuring transistor we can use two kinds of tools that analog multimeters and digital multimeters . How to measure a transistor using this tool , relatively simple, and easy to do.

Results obtained was extremely accurate in determining the feasibility of a transistor . Therefore, both of these tools are excellent for people who are involved in the world of electro . including me

Here we will explain how to measure transistor by using these two tools.

How to measure the first transistor is using the analog multimeter . In the measurement is a transistor that uses an analog multimeter was divided into two types , namely Positive - Negative - Positive ( PNP ) and Negative - Positive - Negative ( NPN ) .

For type PNP , the first step you need to do is adjust the position of the switch in position X1K or 10k Ohm . Then connect the red probe to the base terminal and the black probe to the emitter terminal .

If the needle moves to the right , then the transmitter in a state that is worth taking. The last step , move the black probe to the terminal Collector and if the needle is still moving to the right means that the transmitter is in good condition

Do the same for NPN type . Just move the black probe to the base terminal and the red probe to the emitter terminal and insert the red probe on the terminal Collector .Meanwhile , in a way to measure a transistor using a digital multimeter approximately equal to the analog multimeter . For digital multimeter measurement is performed in a reverse way , from the analog multimeter .

Perhaps the different steps are just the beginning. If the first step in the analog transistor is positioning the switch in position X1K or 10k Ohm , the digital multimeter is to set the position of the switch in position diodes ( Ohm X1K or x100k ) .

In principle function digital multimeter to measure the diode and resistance in the same switch . To determine whether the transistor is still good or not , the screen on the digital multimeter shows the value of certain Voltage . Broadly speaking , both analog and digital multimeter do not have significant differences .

electronic , Transistor

understanding and transistor function . as one of the important electronic component

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 07.43

at this time I will discuss an electronic component called a transistor . either understanding , the image , and the function of the transistor itself

Understanding Transistor

Transistors are electronic components that have 3 feet semiconductor electrodes, namely Base ( Basic ) , collectors ( Gatherer ) and emitter ( transmitter ) . This component serves as an amplifier , circuit breaker and junction ( switching ) , voltage stabilization , signal modulation and many other functions . In addition, the transistor can also be used as an electric faucet that can generate electricity with very accurate and the source of electricity .

Transistor comes from the word "transfer " means the removal and " resistor " meaning inhibitors . From these two words we can conclude , the sense transistor is removal or semi conductive material transition into a certain temperature. Transistors were first discovered in 1948 by William Shockley , John Barden and W.H , Brattain . However , these components into use in 1958. The transistor type is divided into two :

transistor tipe P-N-P end transistor N-P-N

How it Works Transistor , almost equal to the resistor . having a modern basic types . Modern basic types are divided into two. Bipolar Junction Transistor or at short BJT end Field Effect Transistor or FET. BJT can work bedasarkan input current , whereas FET works based on the input voltage .

In the world of modern electronics , transistors are a very important component , especially in analog circuits because of its function as an amplifier . Analog circuit consists of loudspeakers , the power source is stable and radio signal amplifier . Not only analog circuits , digital circuits inside there is also a transistor used as a switch at high speed . Some transistors can also be collated so as to function as a logic gate .

function Transistor

Transistors are very influential in the performance of electronic circuits . Because in electronic circuits , transistors component serves as an anchor circuit. Transistor is a semiconductor component that has a 3 foot electrodes , namely Base ( B ) , Colector ( C ) and emitter ( E ) . With the 3 foot electrodes, voltages or currents flowing on one leg will organize a larger current to pass through two other terminals .

Function Transistor Others :

1. As the circuit breaker and junction ( switching ) .

2. As a booster amplifier .

3. As the regulator of voltage stability .

4. As peratas flow .

5. Can withhold a portion of the current flowing .

6. Strengthen the current in the circuit .

7. As a low or high frequency generator .

as explained earlier , that the transistor is divided into two types . namely Transistor PNP and NPN transistors . To be able to distinguish the two types of these , we can see from the shape of the arrow direction on foot emitornya . In the PNP transistor direction of the arrow will point to the inside, while the NPN transistor dart direction will lead to the outside . Currently transistor has undergone many developments

With the development of the transistor function , the shape of the transistor also has undergone many changes . One of them has been successfully created transistors with super small size in just a nano- micron size ( transistor that has been packed inside a computer processor ) . Because this form of cruising working voltage and frequency is very large and wide , no wonder these components are widely used in electronic circuits .

Examples are analog transistor in the circuit , which is used as an amplifier , switch, voltage stability , and so forth . Not only in analog circuits , digital circuits are also contained in the transistor which functions as a switch because it has high speed and can process data very accurately .

How Transistors Work , not as complicated as other components , because the capabilities can evolve regularly and physical shape can change to make the transistor becomes the first choice of electronic circuits . Even today transistors are integrated and unified. of some Janis transistor , being the fruit of more complex components .

that is an electronic component called a transistor , in a sense , and function

electronic , Transistor

Definition of capacitors in electronic world

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 02.31

electronic components capacitor is a device that serves to store electrical charge and consists of two conductors separated by an insulator ( dielectric ) on each conductor or the so-called puck .

Definition of capacitors in electronic world

Capacitors are typically referred to as a condenser which is an electrical component made such that it is able to store an electric charge .

The working principle of capacitors in general is almost the same as the resistor that also belong to the passive components . Passive components are types of components that work without requiring down-payment flows . Capacitor consists of two metal plates ( conductors ) separated by an insulator ( insulator ) . Insulating or insulating material cited as a dielectric substance .

Dielectric substance used to insulate these two components is useful to distinguish the types of capacitors . In this world there are some capacitors that use dielectrics , such as paper , mica , liquid plastics and many other dielectric materials .

In the electronic circuit , a capacitor is needed, especially to prevent electric spark jumps on a circuit containing the coil . In addition , the capacitor can store charge or electrical energy in the circuit , can select the wavelength of the radio receiver and a filter in the power supply (Power Supply ) .

Capacitors in electronic circuits function as a store of electrical current or voltage . For DC current , the capacitor can function as Isulator ( retaining electric current ) , while for AC current , the capacitor serves as a conductor ( passing an electric current ) .

In its application , the capacitor plenty utilized as a filter or filters , voltage rectifiers used to convert AC to DC , AC wave generator ( Isolator ) and many other applications .

Types of Capacitors are divided into various . Because distinguished by its polarity , material creation and provision capacitor value . Besides having many types , shapes of the capacitor also varies .

For example, large paper capacity capacitor 0.1 F , electrolytic capacitors greater capacity and a 105 pF capacitor large variable capacity we can always change up to a maximum of 500 pF .

Capacitors , electronic

the function of the electronic capacitors

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 02.21

Capacitors in electronic component function is as a store of electric charge , in addition to functioning as a store of electricity , capacitors can also be used as a frequency filter . In the electrical charge storage capacity abilities are called Farad capacitor with the symbol " F " . The symbol of the capacitor itself is C (capacitors ) .

In general , many capacitors are made of two metal plates which are parallel to one another . And there was between the two slabs of insulation materials which we call the dielectric .

In the mean dielectric is a material that can affect the value of the capacitance of the capacitor . Dielectric material used is ceramics , paper , air , metal films , glass , vacuum and there are more other materials.

the function of the electronic capacitors

In the world of electronics , the capacitor is often referred to as the condenser. The shape and size of the capacitor also varies , we can differentiate by capacity , working voltage and so forth . Capacitors are divided into two groups , namely capacitors that have a fixed capacity and capacitors that have the capacity can be capricious or so-called variable capacitor .

The nature of the capacitor is the ability to store electrical charges , can not flow through the DC ( Direct Current ) , can flow through the AC ( Alternating Current ) and also as the impedance ( resistance value depends on the frequency that is given by the source) .

The function of the other capacitors in the electronic circuit is a filter and coupling the power supply circuit , phase shifter , frequency generator in the oscillator circuit and can also be used to prevent sparks that may occur on the switch. While the function of capacitors found on the car's engine is used to turn on and turn off the engine .

How it Works The first capacitor is the flow of electrons to the capacitor . After the capacitor is already filled with electrons , then the voltage will change . Furthermore , the electrons would come out of the capacitor and to the electronic circuit .

Thus , the capacitor will be able to generate rektif a circuit .

Capacitors , electric

Minggu, 26 Juni 2016

How to Calculate Resistor 4-5 colors

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 02.46

How to Calculate Resistor 4-5 colors

How to Calculate Resistors are things that need to be known by us when we are engaged in the engineering world . Resistor is one of the electronic components that one of its functions is to inhibit the flow of electricity . Wherein the resistor itself is passive component does not require electricity to work . In addition to inhibit the flow of electricity , also serves to lowering resistor and voltage divider , and also as a barrier or an electric current regulator . Resistor itself denoted by R has units of ohms . Resistor itself can be calculated to determine the value of the resistor itself.

To determine the value of the resistor we can see the color of the bracelet contained in the resistor body . There are several types of resistors based on the number of rings contained in the resistor body . Most of the resistors used is a resistor 4 to 5 bracelets .

How to calculate resistor four to five rings counted easily . For resistor 4 bracelets, bangles first and second digit is a number , a multiplier third bracelet , while the bracelet fourth is tolerance . For a resistor with 5 rings , bracelets first second and third digit numbers . The fourth bracelet contains a multiplier value . And tolerance values contained in the fifth bracelet . On the other resistor with six bracelets , digit numeric values contained in the first to third bracelet . For its multiplier value contained in the bracelet to four . Medium fifth bracelet containing the values of tolerance , followed by six to bracelets containing temperature coefficient .

As an example of how to calculate the resistor with the four rings in the order red bracelet , black , red , and gold is as follows . Position red bracelet on the first sequence containing 2 -digit numbers , black 0 , red for the third order worth multiplier 102 , and gold has a value of 5% tolerance. The resistor values of resistors four rings is 20 X 102 = 2000 Ω = 2 KΩ ± 5 % . Moderate to resistor five bracelet with orange order with a value of 3 , Brown 1 , Black 0 , 102 red , silver 10 % have a resistor value of 310 X 102 = 31000 Ω = 31 KΩ ± 10 % .

electronic , resistor

Resistor Symbol and Function

Wijdan Sidiq Ramadhan 02.39

Resistor Symbol and Function

Resistor symbol is an icon of a resistor . Resistor itself is actually a passive electronic component . It implies that the resistor does not need electricity when working . Resistor itself serves to hold electric current by utilizing the two poles to produce electric voltage . Resistor itself has some symbols that serve to determine the value of the resistor to support components to be used . Of the various existing symbol we can determine the function of the resistor itself. To determine the value of the resistor itself, we can count on the color of the bracelet found on the body of the resistor . The calculation of the value of the bracelet color applied to the resistor type Film Film Carbon and Metal . Moreover , we can calculate the value of a resistor based on the figures contained in the type resistor SMD (Surface - mount device ) .

There are several symbols resistor now. The first is a symbol Fixed Value Resistors ( IEC Symbol) . This symbol has two straight poles with a rectangular box in the middle. For Fixed Value Resistors with zigzag line center. For Variable Resistor ( potentiometer ) has a line drawing arrows pointing zig- zag pattern in the middle. In the Variable Resistor ( Rheostat ) with images similar to the Variable Resistor yet crossed arrows image amid a zig - zag pattern . Additionally teradapat LDR or Light Dependant Resistors by drawing a circle in the center with a rectangle in the midst of the circle. The next symbol is Thermistor . Thermistor has a zig zag pattern display amid wrapped in a circle with the word " to " .

Resisitor symbols are intended to help us when knowing the type of resistor without looking directly form the desired resistor . Resistor itself has several functions in electronics rangakaian . The first, as we mentioned above resistor serves to hold electric current . Additionally resistor serves to constrain the flow of electricity . Various resistor also serves to divide the electric current and overcurrent safety on some components. Resistors also serves to lower voltage rated too high can result in damage to electronic components .

electronic , resistor

.electric-elecronic

Kamis, 30 Juni 2016

discussion IC ( integrated circuit) , on the history and definition of IC in terms of the science of electronics

how to test a diode by using a measuring instrument avometer , most accurate

Types of Capacitors fixed and variable is the main

Types of Capacitors fixed and variable is the main

the types of transistors in electronic circuits

understanding and transistor function . as one of the important electronic component

Rabu, 29 Juni 2016

Transistor , how to work and how to measure it , let's talk together

understanding and transistor function . as one of the important electronic component

Definition of capacitors in electronic world

the function of the electronic capacitors

Minggu, 26 Juni 2016

How to Calculate Resistor 4-5 colors

Resistor Symbol and Function

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