Kamis, 30 Juni 2016
discussion IC ( integrated circuit) , on the history and definition of IC in terms of the science of electronics
21.03
history IC
IC
IC
IC (Integrated Circuit) is an electronic device made of a semiconductor material . IC is the forerunner of a computer and all kinds of devices that use other micro-controller technology .IC found in 1958 by an engineer named Jack Kilby , who works at Texas instruments . try to solve the problem by thinking about a concept incorporating all electronic components in one block made of a semiconductor material .
Amazing.....
The discovery was later called
IC (Integrated Circuit) or the then commonly called chips. Some time after that
, Robert Noyce , who worked at Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation , found the
same thing , although they are working on two different places .
Since then a lot of research
being done to develop the IC ( integrated circuit) until today. A founder of
Intel , Gorden Moore , in 1965 estimated that the number of transistors
contained in an IC will increase 2 times every 18 months.
This can be seen in the development of IC , a 64 - Mbit DRAM was first on the market in 1994 , consists of 3 million transistors . Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor and consists of more than 42 million transistors and is approximately 281 ICs contained therein .In fact , based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor ( ITRS ) , expected to be available a chip consisting of 3 billion transistors in 2008 .
IC itself is used for a variety of devices , including televisions , mobile phones, computers , industrial machinery , as well as a variety of audio and video equipment .
I. SSI (small - scale integration ) : maximum 100 chip with electronic components .
III . LSI (large - scale integration ) : 3,000 to 100,000 chips with electronic components .
V. ULSI ( ultra large - scale integration ) : chips with more than 1 million electronic components .
Definition of IC
IC shape can vary , there is a 3-legged for example LM7805 , there is nothing like a transistor with a foot lot for example LM741
A group called IC linear IC , such as IC regulator , Operational amplfier , audio amplifier , and so on . Meanwhile, another group called IC digital IC eg, NAND , NOR , OR , AND EXOR , BCD to seven segment decoder and so forth .
Numbering TTL done with 2 , 3 or 4 digit number followed its prefix , eg 7400 , 74 192 and so on. The letter , which is between the prefix and suffix indicating its subfamily . Eg AS ( Advance Schottkey ) , ALS (Advanced Low Power Schottkey ) , H (High Speed) , L (Low Speed) , LS (Low Power Schottkey ) and S ( Schottkey ) .
When compared to the circuit using the transistor circuit uses IC , IC tend to use more practical and ore costs are relatively mild .
how to test a diode by using a measuring instrument avometer , most accurate
19.52
how to test a diode by using a measuring instrument Avometer , most accurate
have you ever heard of object called a diode ? if you're a technician , surely you 've heard even tried to fix it. a tool that can convert AC current into DC current is . however , if you can measure object called diodes ? Can it? if you feel you can not, let's discuss together
DIODE TESTING BY OHM METER
It required an ohmmeter multitester or an analog / digital . Multitester or Avometer Analog has facilities measuring barrier ( ohmmeter ) where the type normally used ohm meter. ohmmeter - series , which is the construction of the polarity of the batteries installed in the meter opposite in polarity to the measuring terminal .
to test a diode by using Avometer , the principle is as follows :
- You must position Avometer position ohms with a low scale .
- Decide in advance the electrodes , the anode and cathode of the diode
- Connect the terminal + ( positive ) meter with the anode of the diode to be tested , while the terminal - ( negative ) meter with the cathode of the diode. ( This relationship is the reverse )
- In this position , if the diode is good, then the meter needle will not move . However , if it moves the needle in this position , it can be said shorted diode ( short-circuit ) .
- Repeat step 2 above with the opposite polarity . where the anode is connected to the negative meter , and with the positive cathode meters. ( This relationship is forward) .
- In this position , if the diode is good , then the meter needle will move . But if in this position the needle meter does not move , it can be said diode broke ( broken ) .
do these measurements on a diode which is considered damaged
Types of Capacitors fixed and variable is the main
01.57
Types of capacitors in electronic circuits is divided into two kinds , namely capacitors polar and non- polar capacitor . In the mean polar capacitor is a type of capacitor that is bi-polar and has a positive polarity / negative .
This capacitor is made of electrolyte material which has a large capacitance value compared with capacitors using a dielectric material .
While in the mean non-polar capacitor is a type of capacitor does not have a positive and negative polarity at both poles. These capacitors can also be used in turn . These capacitors usually have a small capacitance value because it is made of ceramic material and mica .
Type capacitors we can also differentiate into several parts , which is a type of ceramic capacitors , electrolytic capacitors ( elco ) , tantalum capacitors , multilayer capacitors , polyester film capacitors , elekctric double , super capacitors , trimer and tuning capacitor .
Based on the capacitance value , the capacitor is divided into two parts , namely fixed capacitors and variable capacitors .
Dielectric material arranged with many layers with a thickness of 10 to 20 μm and a plate electrode is made of pure metal . In addition , the shape of this type of capacitor is also small and has good temperature characteristics in comparison with other capacitors .
Electrolytic Capacitor
Electrolytic capacitors or also called Elcho included in the fixed value capacitors . This type of capacitor has an insulating material made of electrolyte and tubular . Electrolyte capacitors which have polarity direction of the Positive and Negative use of aluminum for packaging as well as Negative terminal .
Capacitor Paper
Capacitor paper , is a capacitor including the capacitor type calculation remains (Non Variable) , and has a paper insulation material , and generally ranges between paper capacitor values up to 300μF 4μF
Tantanum Capacitor
Types of Capacitors fixed and variable is the main
01.57
Types of capacitors in electronic circuits is divided into two kinds , namely capacitors polar and non- polar capacitor . In the mean polar capacitor is a type of capacitor that is bi-polar and has a positive polarity / negative .
This capacitor is made of electrolyte material which has a large capacitance value compared with capacitors using a dielectric material .
While in the mean non-polar capacitor is a type of capacitor does not have a positive and negative polarity at both poles. These capacitors can also be used in turn . These capacitors usually have a small capacitance value because it is made of ceramic material and mica .
Type capacitors we can also differentiate into several parts , which is a type of ceramic capacitors , electrolytic capacitors ( elco ) , tantalum capacitors , multilayer capacitors , polyester film capacitors , elekctric double , super capacitors , trimer and tuning capacitor .
Based on the capacitance value , the capacitor is divided into two parts , namely fixed capacitors and variable capacitors .
Dielectric material arranged with many layers with a thickness of 10 to 20 μm and a plate electrode is made of pure metal . In addition , the shape of this type of capacitor is also small and has good temperature characteristics in comparison with other capacitors .
Electrolytic Capacitor
Electrolytic capacitors or also called Elcho included in the fixed value capacitors . This type of capacitor has an insulating material made of electrolyte and tubular . Electrolyte capacitors which have polarity direction of the Positive and Negative use of aluminum for packaging as well as Negative terminal .
Capacitor Paper
Capacitor paper , is a capacitor including the capacitor type calculation remains (Non Variable) , and has a paper insulation material , and generally ranges between paper capacitor values up to 300μF 4μF
Tantanum Capacitor
the types of transistors in electronic circuits
01.25
Types of transistors there are several kinds and for those who are involved in the world of electronics may be familiar when they hear the word transistor . But for those non - electro might be unfamiliar with the transistor .Transistor in a very simple sense is like a water faucet . This transistor is a semiconductor device that can be used as an amplifier , as well as connecting the circuit breakers , voltage stabilizing and so forth
see also :
understanding and transistor function . as one of the important electronic component
Type transistor is generally divided into two types of course only the type of bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors or also known as Field Effect Transistor ( FET ) .Each of the transistor type is further divided into smaller parts as will be explained in the next paragraph .
The first transistor is a bipolar transistor . Bipolar transistors include one of the types of transistors are most widely used in an electronic circuit .While understanding of the bipolar transistor itself is a transistor that has two poles junction . While these types of bipolar transistors are divided again , into three layers of semiconductor material , which then differentiate bipolar transistor into two types , namely transistor P - N- P ( Positive - Negative - Positive ) , and the transistor N- P - N ( Negative - Positive - Negative ) . Each leg of this type of transistor has a name , such as B which means the base , which means the collector K and E which means the emitter . As for the bipolar transistor function is as a regulator of electric current .
While the field-effect transistors control electrons from source to drain through the voltage applied to the Gate . So is there any easiest way to find and determine the types of transistors ? Termudahnya way is to use a tool ohmmeter if you want to specify a type of transistor . Simply place the negative leg of the ohmmeter to the cathode and anode to a positive foot .
The first transistor is a bipolar transistor . Bipolar transistors include one of the types of transistors are most widely used in an electronic circuit .While understanding of the bipolar transistor itself is a transistor that has two poles junction . While these types of bipolar transistors are divided again , into three layers of semiconductor material , which then differentiate bipolar transistor into two types , namely transistor P - N- P ( Positive - Negative - Positive ) , and the transistor N- P - N ( Negative - Positive - Negative ) . Each leg of this type of transistor has a name , such as B which means the base , which means the collector K and E which means the emitter . As for the bipolar transistor function is as a regulator of electric current .
Transistor second most widely used of the various types of transistors that there is a field effect transistor ( FET ) . Transistor is the same type as the bipolar transistor has three legs . Three feet of terminal owned by a field effect transistor is the drain ( D ) , source ( S ) and gate ( G ) . The field-effect transistor , or also known as unipolar transistor term has only one pole pieces only. Meanwhile , the workings of this field effect transistor is to regulate and control the flow of electrons from source to drain through the voltage applied to the Gate .
This is what distinguishes between the function of field effect transistors with the bipolar transistor functions described above.From this discussion it can be concluded that the bipolar transistor with field effect transistor having a significant difference in the workings and functions. Bipolar transistor as an electric current regulator adjust the size of the electric current through the emitter which then continues to the base to determine how much current is applied to it.
Rabu, 29 Juni 2016
Transistor , how to work and how to measure it , let's talk together
16.10
at this time , I will try to share about an electronic component called a transistor . either way of working, and also how to measure it . therefore , read well and share this article a friend ... khi khi khi
as previously described , the transistor is a combination of two words , namely transfer and resistor that can be interpreted freely as amperes or regulate the flow of current flow. The triode is a term that means three electrodes , and in the resistor itself does have three electrodes , the base, emitter, and collectors . Transistors can be an electric current or voltage amplifiers also due to have a third electrode.
Another function of a transistor is a switch circuit breaker and power connector on the base or bases when given very large currents . to the workings of the transistor itself depending on what type of transistor used .There are basically two kinds or types of transistors. There BJT transistor or a bipolar junction transistor or also known as bipolar transistors and FET transistors or field effect transistor or also known as the transistor effect. Here's how the BJT transistor .
BJT Transistor : As the name implies bipolar transistor ( BJT ) using two polarities carry a payload to carry electrical current to the output channels .In the bipolar transistor ( BJT ) there is also a boundary layer called the depletion zone , which at the end of each electric current that will fit will pass through the barrier and was divided because of the depletion zone this.
Effect transistor ( FET ) Slightly different from the workings of the bipolar transistor .
Reviewed effect transistor ( FET ) , only use one type polarity or charge carriers of electric current . It is clear , in contrast to the bipolar transistor has two polarity charge carriers.To effect transistor ( FET ) , the current entry will not be divided into two streams such as the bipolar transistor . Due to the position where the depletion zone of the resistor effect contained in the second , the side not in the middle .
Actually, for the type or types of BJT and FET transistor itself same function, the difference is on how the transistors only. I hope this discussion can provide benefits to the reader .
how to measure transistor with ease
How to Measure Transistor is quite rare , and is not known by many people . But knowing how to measure a transistor is important to do regularly. It can be used as an indication of whether the transistor is still in good standing and eligible to be used or not . In measuring transistor we can use two kinds of tools that analog multimeters and digital multimeters . How to measure a transistor using this tool , relatively simple, and easy to do.
Results obtained was extremely accurate in determining the feasibility of a transistor . Therefore, both of these tools are excellent for people who are involved in the world of electro . including me
Here we will explain how to measure transistor by using these two tools.
How to measure the first transistor is using the analog multimeter . In the measurement is a transistor that uses an analog multimeter was divided into two types , namely Positive - Negative - Positive ( PNP ) and Negative - Positive - Negative ( NPN ) .
For type PNP , the first step you need to do is adjust the position of the switch in position X1K or 10k Ohm . Then connect the red probe to the base terminal and the black probe to the emitter terminal .
If the needle moves to the right , then the transmitter in a state that is worth taking. The last step , move the black probe to the terminal Collector and if the needle is still moving to the right means that the transmitter is in good condition
Do the same for NPN type . Just move the black probe to the base terminal and the red probe to the emitter terminal and insert the red probe on the terminal Collector .Meanwhile , in a way to measure a transistor using a digital multimeter approximately equal to the analog multimeter . For digital multimeter measurement is performed in a reverse way , from the analog multimeter .
Perhaps the different steps are just the beginning. If the first step in the analog transistor is positioning the switch in position X1K or 10k Ohm , the digital multimeter is to set the position of the switch in position diodes ( Ohm X1K or x100k ) .
In principle function digital multimeter to measure the diode and resistance in the same switch . To determine whether the transistor is still good or not , the screen on the digital multimeter shows the value of certain Voltage . Broadly speaking , both analog and digital multimeter do not have significant differences .
understanding and transistor function . as one of the important electronic component
07.43
at this time I will discuss an
electronic component called a transistor . either understanding , the image ,
and the function of the transistor itself
Understanding
Transistor
Transistors are electronic
components that have 3 feet semiconductor electrodes, namely Base ( Basic ) ,
collectors ( Gatherer ) and emitter ( transmitter ) . This component serves as
an amplifier , circuit breaker and junction ( switching ) , voltage stabilization
, signal modulation and many other functions . In addition, the transistor can
also be used as an electric faucet that can generate electricity with very
accurate and the source of electricity .
Transistor comes from the word
"transfer " means the removal and " resistor " meaning
inhibitors . From these two words we can conclude , the sense transistor is
removal or semi conductive material transition into a certain temperature.
Transistors were first discovered in 1948 by William Shockley , John Barden and
W.H , Brattain . However , these components into use in 1958. The transistor
type is divided into two :
transistor
tipe P-N-P end transistor N-P-N
How it Works
Transistor , almost equal to the resistor . having a modern basic types . Modern
basic types are divided into two. Bipolar Junction Transistor or at short BJT
end Field Effect Transistor or FET. BJT can work bedasarkan input current ,
whereas FET works based on the input voltage .
In the world of
modern electronics , transistors are a very important component , especially in
analog circuits because of its function as an amplifier . Analog circuit
consists of loudspeakers , the power source is stable and radio signal
amplifier . Not only analog circuits , digital circuits inside there is also a
transistor used as a switch at high speed . Some transistors can also be
collated so as to function as a logic gate .
function Transistor
Transistors are
very influential in the performance of electronic circuits . Because in
electronic circuits , transistors component serves as an anchor circuit.
Transistor is a semiconductor component that has a 3 foot electrodes , namely
Base ( B ) , Colector ( C ) and emitter ( E ) . With the 3 foot electrodes,
voltages or currents flowing on one leg will organize a larger current to pass
through two other terminals .
Function Transistor Others :
1. As the circuit breaker and junction ( switching ) .
2. As a booster amplifier .
3. As the regulator of voltage stability .
4. As peratas flow .
5. Can withhold a portion of the current flowing .
6. Strengthen the current in the circuit .
7. As a low or high frequency generator .
as explained
earlier , that the transistor is divided into two types . namely Transistor PNP
and NPN transistors . To be able to distinguish the two types of these , we can
see from the shape of the arrow direction on foot emitornya . In the PNP
transistor direction of the arrow will point to the inside, while the NPN
transistor dart direction will lead to the outside . Currently transistor has
undergone many developments
With the
development of the transistor function , the shape of the transistor also has
undergone many changes . One of them has been successfully created transistors
with super small size in just a nano- micron size ( transistor that has been
packed inside a computer processor ) . Because this form of cruising working
voltage and frequency is very large and wide , no wonder these components are
widely used in electronic circuits .
Examples are
analog transistor in the circuit , which is used as an amplifier , switch,
voltage stability , and so forth . Not only in analog circuits , digital circuits
are also contained in the transistor which functions as a switch because it has
high speed and can process data very accurately .
How Transistors
Work , not as complicated as other components , because the capabilities can
evolve regularly and physical shape can change to make the transistor becomes
the first choice of electronic circuits . Even today transistors are integrated
and unified. of some Janis transistor , being the fruit of more complex
components .
that is an
electronic component called a transistor , in a sense , and function
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)
